Periodization, also known as periodized training, is an approach to resistance training that builds systematic variation in exercise intensity and repetitions, sets, or frequency at regular intervals over a specified period of time. This approach to training was developed for highly trained athletes preparing for competitive weight-lifting or power-lifting events. The concept was designed to prevent overtraining and psychological staleness prior to competition and to optimize performance during competition.

In preparation for competition, the training calendar is broken down into cycles, or phases, that sometimes extend over an entire year. The idea is to prepare for a “peak” performance at the time of competition. Different types of exercises at varying intensities, volume, frequency, and rest intervals are performed over a specific time period.

Although periodized training is commonly implemented prior to a competitive event, evidence to support the efficacy of periodization is limited. Despite this, periodized training has also been used on a limited basis in the clinical setting for injured athletes during the advanced stage of rehabilitation.

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