UPPER EXTREMITY DIAGONAL PATTERNS

NOTE: All descriptions for hand placements are for the patient’s right (R) upper extremity. During each pattern tell the patient to watch the moving hand. Be sure that rotation shifts gradually from internal to external rotation (or vice versa) throughout the range. By mid-range, the arm should be in neutral rotation. Manual […]

I NTRODUCTION

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) is an approach to therapeutic exercise that combines functionally based diagonal patterns of movement with techniques of neuromuscular facilitation to evoke motor responses and improve neuromuscular control and function. This widely used approach to exercise was developed during the 1940s and 1950s by the pioneering work of Kabat, Knott, […]

Introduction
There are only a few instances when resistance exercises are contraindicated. Resistance training is most often contraindicated during periods of acute inflammation and with some acute diseases and disorders. By carefully selecting the appropriate mode of exercise (static vs. dynamic; weight-bearing vs. non-weight-bearing) and keeping the initial intensity of the exercise at a very low […]

The most common system of resistance training used with dynamic exercise against constant or variable resistance is progressive resistance exercise (PRE). A later section of the chapter, which covers systems of training using mechanical resistance, addresses PRE.
Dynamic constant external resistance (DCER) exercise is a form of resistance training where a limb moves through a ROM […]