Visual Aids
Visual aids are critical in teaching patients about pelvic floor function. Emphasis should be placed on both the sling/hammock fibers and the figure-eight orientation of the musculature patient to visualize the fibers that run anterior-posterior (to create a “lifting” motion toward the heart) as well as the circumferential fibers (which produce a drawstring or […]

• Intermittent brachial plexus and vascular symptoms of pain, paresthesia, numbness, weakness, discoloration, and swelling
• Muscle length-strength imbalance in the shoulder girdle with tightness in anterior and medial structures and weakness in posterior and lateral structures
• Faulty postural awareness in the upper quarter
• Poor endurance in the postural muscles
• Shallow respiratory pattern characterized by upper […]

The types of exercise selected for a resistance training program are contingent on many factors, including the cause and extent of primary and secondary impairments. Deficits in muscle performance, the stage of tissue healing, the condition of joints and their tolerance to compression and movement, the general abilities (physical and cognitive) of the patient, the […]

Frequency
Frequency in a resistance exercise program refers to the number of exercise sessions per day or per week. As with other aspects of dosage, frequency is dependent on other determinants, such as intensity and volume as well as the patient’s goals, general health status, previous participation in a resistance exercise program, and response to training. […]

An understanding of the disablement process as well as knowledge of the process of making informed clinical decisions based on evidence from the scientific literature are necessary foundations of comprehensive management of patients seeking and receiving physical therapy services. Provision of quality patient care involves the ability to make sound clinical judgments, solve problems that […]

Functional limitations in the physical domain deal with the performance of sensorimotor tasks, that is, total body actions that are typically components or elements of functional activities. These activities include basic activities of daily living (ADL), such as bathing, dressing, or feeding, and the more complex tasks known as instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), […]

Impairments are the consequences of pathological conditions; that is, they are the signs and symptoms that reflect abnormalities at the body system, organ, or tissue level. Impairments can be categorized as arising from anatomical, physiological, or psychological alterations as well as losses or abnormalities of structure or function of a body […]

This first major component of the disablement model refers to disruptions of the body’s homeostasis as the result of acute or chronic diseases, disorders, or conditions characterized by a set of abnormal findings (clusters of signs and symptoms) that are indicative of alterations or interruptions of structure or function of the […]

Several models that depict the process of disablement have been proposed over the past 40 years. The first two schema developed were the Nagi model and the International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH) model for the World Health Organization (WHO). The ICIDH model was revised after its original publication, with adjustments made in […]

The ability to function independently at home, in the workplace, within the community, or during leisure and recreational activities is contingent upon physical as well as psychological and social function. The multidimensional aspects of physical function encompass the diverse yet interrelated areas of performance
Balance. The ability to align body segments against […]

Continued from Patient-Client Management Model (Part 1)
Prognosis—the predicted optimal level of functional improvement within a time frame—will also help determine intervention strategies. Predicting the level of improvement guides the intensity, duration, and style of intervention. The combination of diagnosis and prognosis is used to justify physical therapy management. The prognosis for […]