Patients with an extension bias often assume a flexed posture or a flexed posture with lateral deviation of the trunk or neck, but during the examination sustained or repetitive extension maneuvers reduce or relieve their symptoms. These patients would benefit from early interventions that emphasize extension of the involved segments. The impairments may be due […]

Indications. Extension is used if pain and/or neurological symptoms centralize (decrease of move more proximally) during extension testing maneuvers and peripheralize (worsen) during flexion. Extension is also indicated for flexed postural dysfunctions with limited range into extension.
Contraindications to Specific Spinal Movements
Extension of the spine is contraindicated
• When no position or movement decreases or centralizes the […]

Etiology of Symptoms
The disk is largely aneural; therefore not all disk protrusions are symptomatic.
Pain. Symptoms of pain arise from pressure of a swollen disk or swollen tissues against pain-sensitive structures (ligaments, dura mater, blood vessels around nerve roots) or from the chemical irritants of inflammation if there is herniated disk material.
Neurological signs and symptoms. Neurological […]