Patients with segmental instability—including hypermobility; ligamentous laxity; diagnoses such as spondylolysis, spondylolisthesis, or poor neuromuscular control of the core and stabilizing musculature—require interventions that improve stability. Some of the patients may have a history of trauma, repeated manipulations, or early signs of spondylosis. Mobility testing of the spinal segments reveals increased mobility at one or […]
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