Common synonyms used in the past for RSD include shoulder-hand syndrome, Sudeck’s atrophy, reflex neurovascular dystrophy, traumatic angiospasm or vasospasm, and sympathetically maintained pain (SMP). SMP is frequently a component of CPRS but is not a distinct diagnosis in itself. Pain is a key feature; other symptoms and signs may include sensory abnormalities (spontaneous burning […]

The carpal tunnel is a confined space between the carpal bones dorsally and the transverse carpal ligament (flexor retinaculum) volarly. In this region the median nerve is susceptible to pressure as it courses through the tunnel with the extrinsic finger flexor tendons on their way into the hand. Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is characterized by […]

Walsh has identified three causative factors for TOS that could be interrelated or exist separately: compressive neuropathy, faulty posture, and entrapment.
• Compressive neuropathy. Compression of the neurovascular structures can occur if there is a decrease in the size of the area through which the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels pass. Compression can result from muscle […]

History
Vascular and mechanical factors can lead to nerve pathology. Pain is the most common symptom. Sensory responses, reported as stretch pain or paresthesia, occur when tissues are in the neural stretch position. Clinical reasoning is used to understand the possible mechanism of injury, such as pathological insult to the nervous tissue or surrounding tissues or […]

Deep Vein Thrombosis and Thrombophlebitis: Signs and Symptoms
During the early stages of a DVT, only 25% to 50% of cases can be identified by clinical manifestations, such as dull aching or severe pain, swelling, or changes in skin temperature and color, specifically heat and redness.
Although edema in the vicinity of the clot may be present, […]

Indications. Extension is used if pain and/or neurological symptoms centralize (decrease of move more proximally) during extension testing maneuvers and peripheralize (worsen) during flexion. Extension is also indicated for flexed postural dysfunctions with limited range into extension.
Contraindications to Specific Spinal Movements
Extension of the spine is contraindicated
• When no position or movement decreases or centralizes the […]